Posts Tagged ‘HDR’

Fruita Schoolhouse

Capitol Reef National Park.  Although it is the equal of any of the scenic wonders of the Grand Staircase, it is generally far less crowded than Zion or Bryce Canyon.  This is due to the simple fact that it lies a little further on down the road, and is therefore left off many a family’s itinerary.  The area is not recorded on official maps before 1872, and the road from Richfield to nearby Torrey was not paved until 1940.

In spite of its remote location, by 1880 Mormon settlers had established a farming and ranching outpost that would eventually acquire the name Fruita.  An apt name, for fruit orchards planted by the Mormon pioneers are still thriving here.  Capitol Reef was established in 1937 as a National Monument (NP in 1971), and by the late 1960s the Park Service had acquired most of the privately held property.

One of the more interesting remaining pioneer buildings is the one-room Fruita Schoohouse shown above.  The structure is listed on the National Registry of Historic Places, and the specific entry may be found here.

The image of the schoolhouse was recorded at about 16:00 MDT on July 22, 2010, using the Nikon D3s and the AF-S NIKKOR 16-35mm f/4G ED VR lens at 16mm.  Exposure was f/16 and 1/320, ISO 800.  Image converted to BW using Nik Silver Efex.

The boulder inscribed with the name of the location lies just behind the schoolhouse (north).  In addition to the engraved ‘Fruita Grade School’, there are a plethora of other minor inscriptions.  Same exposure and processing parameters as for the schoolhouse image.

Images like the schoolhouse have become prime candidates for what has become known as one-shot HDR processing.  Using this method, single RAW files are converted into HDR images as shown below.  Images converted to HDR using Photomatix Pro 3.

The results are almost always processed using Details Enhancer mode (in Photomatix parlance) to produce a characteristically illustrated or ‘painterly’ representation of the image.  I don’t know.  Although I reject all impressionistic representations on the basis of principle, that is not really the issue here.  There is something simultaneously intriguing and unsettling about this representation.  Frankly, it is certainly more compelling than the BW representation in many instances.  Anyway, if you like this sort of thing, I invite you to enjoy the effort.  At any rate, I cannot resist the opportunity of exploring new methods, so you’ll see more of this stuff.

Copyright 2010 Peter F. Flynn. No usage permitted without prior written consent. All rights reserved.

Cisco, UT 84515

Cisco, Utah, was born during the late 19th century era of the steam engine, and became an important watering stop for the locomotives.  The railroad station became a key shipping center for the livestock that were managed in the open range country of the Book Cliffs.  Unfortunately, the diesel locomotive made stops at Cisco unnecessary, and by the 1950′s the long decline of the town had began.  Unlike Greenriver, which lies adjacent to I70, and which is an important stop for travelers, Cisco was left too far off of the freeway to gain significant commercial traffic.  Hard luck.

The image above, of the old Cisco post office, was recorded on April 18, 2010 at about 12:40 MDT, using the Nikon D3s and the (new) AF-S NIKKOR 16-35mm f/4G ED VR lens at 16mm.  Exposure was f/16 and 1/160s, ISO 400.  One RAW images was converted to HDR using Photomatix 3.1 ( see below for for processing details).

Regional guides list Cisco as a ghost town.  I’m not so sure, since while it certainly does have certain attributes of a ghost town, it has also been exploited as a junk yard – plenty of character to be sure, but for ghost town aficionados it’s most probably not the real deal.  Regardless of how you define it,  the place certainly is a great location at which to refine your High Dynamic Range photography (HDR) skills.   Light, dark, decrepit structures, old, abandoned cars, it’s all in there.  The circumstance lends itself most naturally to what I will name – without any judgment – fantasy HDR.  For you HDR aficionados, by ‘fantasy’, I mean to conjure up the effect one gets with (in Photomatix language) Detail Enhancer mode tone mapping conversion.  Of course we’ve all seen this effect, and there is tons of this stuff on the web – some of it is very nice.  I include links to a few of the more active HDR sites that describe Detail Enhancer mode strategies below:

http://www.aguntherphotography.com/tutorials/raw-hdr-processing.html

http://www.stuckincustoms.com/

http://www.vanilladays.com/gallery/tag/hdr/

http://www.robertcorrell.com/

The full Detail Enhancer mode specifications for this file are shown below:

Photomatix Version 3.1
Method: Details Enhancer
Luminosity: 5
Strength: 100
ColorSaturation: 88
WhiteClip: 5.0
BlackClip: 5.0
Smoothing: High
Microcontrast: 10
Microsmoothing: 2
Gamma: 1.0
HighlightsSmoothing: 0
ShadowsSmoothing: 0
ShadowsClipping: 0
ColorTemperature: 0
SaturationHighlights: 0
SaturationShadows: 0

Copyright 2010 Peter F. Flynn. No usage permitted without prior written consent. All rights reserved.

A Rainbow Turned to Stone

A visit to Rainbow Bridge National Monument is one of those trips that proves the adage about the  journey being as important as the goal.  To be sure, it does take a bit of commitment to get to the Bridge, e.g., a five-hour, 50 mile, boat trip over Lake Powell, but it is a day that will fill your skull with most excellent memories.

The bridge is 294 feet high, measured from the base to the top of the span, and 275 feet wide.  The top of the span is 45 feet thick and 33 feet wide.  One of world’s largest natural spans is thus curiously massive.  Recall that bridges are distinct from arches in that bridges are formed by the action of flowing water, in this case carving out Navajo Sandstone.  The bed of the ancient river that formed the bridge is still very apparent, but in recent history the only significant water that you might find in it comes from the (sometimes) rising waters of Lake Powell.

The composite, highly processed, HDR image above was recorded at approximately 16:45 MST on August 28, 2009, using the Nikon D700 and the AF-S NIKKOR 14-24mm f/2.8G ED lens at 19mm (FX).  Exposure was f/16, and shutter speeds to cover 4 EV.  Two source images were generated using Photomatix Pro 3.2.7: one was created using the Tone Mapping method, and the other generated using on Detail Enhancer method.  The two images were blended together using Photoshop CS4.  My goal was to generate a final image that captured the sense of magic about the place, and for this reason I allowed the fanciful, illustrative feel of the Detail Enhanced HDR image to show through a bit.  GPS coordinates at the position where the images were recorded were 37,4.7403N, 110,59.9628W.  GPS positions in this entry were all made using the Nikon GP1, which pretty much lives on the D700.

The image above, of Wahweap Marina at Lake Powell, was recorded at 10:43 MST, using the Nikon D700 and the AF-S NIKKOR 24-70mm lens at 44mm.  Exposure was f/16 at 1/125s, ISO 200.  Coordinates were 36,58.485N, 111,29.3835W.

We began our trip to Rainbow Bridge out of Wahweap Marina aboard the Desert Shadow.  There are both all-day and half-day cruises to the Bridge, and we opted for the half-day afternoon adventure that left at 12:30 and returned at ~18:00 (MST).  It’s not inexpensive at over $120 per person, but it is a good value.  You can also hike to the Bridge, but it is a long trip (+10 miles), and you are required to obtain a permit from the Navajo Nation.

The image above was recorded at 13:40 MST, using the Nikon D700 and the AF-S NIKKOR 24-70mm f/2.8G ED lens at 24mm.  Exposure was f/16 and 1/250s, ISO 400.  Coordinates were 37,0.4536N, 111,27.4542W.

The boat trip itself is terrific.  The weather is reliably beautifully warm and dry, and the speed of the boat generates a lovely breeze on board.  The rock formations along the former course of the Colorado River are stunning, and constantly changing.  I could recommend the cruise alone.

At buoy 49 the boat ducks into the narrow and winding Forbidding Canyon, that leads in about 2 miles to a large floating courtesy dock that is maintained by the NPS.  The dock connects to dry land about 2 miles from the Bridge.

The image above of the HP about to traverse between the Rainbow Bridge trail and the boat dock, was recorded at 17:00 MST, using the Nikon D700 and the AF-S 14-24mm f2.8G ED lens at 22mm.  Exposure was f/16 at 1/50s, ISO 800.  Coordinates were 37,4.7644N, 110,58.0831W.

The image above, of Dominguez Butte and the Crossing of the Fathers, was recorded on August 28, 2009, at 18:20 MST, using the Nikon D700 and the AF-S NIKKOR 24-70mm f/2.8G ED at 24mm.  Exposure was f/11 at 1/500 and ISO 400.  Coordinates were 37,2.3442N, 111,17.2227W.  This image was recorded late in the afternoon on the return trip to Wahweap Marina – beautiful light.  It would be nearly impossible to tell at the scale at which the image is rendered, but the moon lies just a bit above dead-center.

And finally, here’s an image of the HP and the Dude, near a rainbow turned to stone.

An NASA image of Rainbow Bridge National Monument taken by the Iknonos satellite appears below:

Copyright 2010 Peter F. Flynn. No usage permitted without prior written consent. All rights reserved.

All Along the Transept

The Transept Trail runs westward from the North Rim Lodge into Transept Canyon – all at the north rim of the Grand Canyon.  So, what’s a transept?  Right, properly-speaking it’s the part of classical cruciform Christian church architecture that crosses between the nave and sanctuary, but in this case the term must be used in a generical form to indicate a minor corridor that crosses or emanates from a more significant space.  Anyway, it’s a lovely walk in the trees, with strategical view points dotting the path.  Note the smoke from a fire on the south rim – look along the horizon about 1/3 from the right edge.  Near sunset, the shadows creep into Transept Canyon well before the sun actually dives below the horizon – a perfect test of HDR techniques.

View from the Transept Trail

The image above was recorded on July 17 at about 18:00 MST, using the Nikon D700 and the AF-S NIKKOR 24-70mm f/2.8G ED at 31mm.  The seven images used to generate the HDR image were recorded f/16 at 1/80s (0 EV), 1/640s (-3 EV), 1/320s (-2 EV), 1/160s (-1 EV), 1/40s (+1 EV), 1/20s (+2 EV), and 1/10s (+3 EV).  The HDR image was generated using Photomatix Pro 3.1, with tone mapping conducted using the detail enhancer mode with the following settings:

Luminosity: 0

Strength 95

ColorSaturation: 46

WhiteClip: 0.249450

BlackClip: 0.000000

Smoothing: Very High

Microcontrast: 6

Microsmoothing: 2

Gamma: 1.000000

HighlightsSmoothing: 0

ShadowsSmoothing: 0

ShadowsClipping: 0

ColorTemperature: 0

SaturationHighlights: 0

SaturationShadows: 0

Additional processing was conducted using ACR 5.4 to adjust Recovery, Blacks, Clarity and Vibrance – and eliminate a few dust spots; and Photoshop to increase contrast and to enhance detail in the clouds using the ‘Overlay move’.

Oh, I nearly forgot.  Below, I include a shot of the HP enjoying the view over Transept Canyon:

The HP at Transept Canyon

This is the first use of the Nikon GP1 GPS encoder:  The coordinates of the site were recorded as follows:

Latitude: 36,12.1678N

Longitude: 112,3.561W

Altitude: 2493.00 m (8179 ft)

Time Stamp: 7/18/2009, 12:45 AM

Click on the thumbnail below for a Google Earth view of the location:

Transept Trail Google Earth Image

The GP1 works very well – if you start it up before you begin composing and checking exposure, etc., it locates satellites just about the time the first exposure is recorded.

Showdown at Wildwood

Blame it on the summer sun…  Yeah, it creates all this dynamic range in the luminosity that we have to deal with.  I know that I’ve been (over)-emphasizing HDR stuff lately, but I had to do one more entry on the HDR – or maybe I’ll do a bunch more, I don’t know yet!  Anyway, I decided to do a comparison and see how it all shakes out in a more or less  challenging but representative image.  So, dear friends, here we go, first with a standard image with best-effort-in-about-one-minute processing; an HDR image generated using Tone Compressor mode; and an HDR image processing using the Detail Enhancer…

Standard Processing

Standard Processing

HDR Tone Compressed

HDR Tone Mapped

HDR Detail Enhanced

HDR Detail Enhanced

Processing on the standard image consisted of basic adjustments in ACR,  including refinements in Exposure, Recovery, Fill Light, Blacks, and Clarity.  For the Tone Compressed image I applied the Overlay move to further enhance detail in the highlight (clouds).  In the Details Enhanced image I had to blend the image with the results of the post-conversion processed version of  the Tone Compressed image to reduce a very strong dark halo effect in the clouds.

The standard image is about all we could hope for given the scene and time-of-day.  There is good detail in the river and in the greenery, but of course the sky and clouds are completely gone.  In the Tone Compressed image these problems are eliminated.  Perhaps the greenery is a bit over-saturated, but when did we ever complain that the color is too strong – we can easily reduce this if desired.  I like what happens with the water too – a natural result of combining several images recorded using different shutter speeds.   The detail in the clouds is even better with the Details Enhanced image, and here if anything, the greenery seems a little under-saturated.  I also like the water here – maybe even better than in the Tone Compressed image.

The source images were recorded on June 19 at 13:30 PST, at the Wildwood Recreation Site, just east of milepost 39 along Oregon Highway 26.  I used the Nikon D700 with the AF-S VR Zoom-NIKKOR 70-300mm f/4.5-5.6G IF-ED lens at 70mm.  Exposures were f/18 at 1/250s, 1/160s, 1/100s, 1/60s, 1/40s, 1/25s and 1/15s.  ISO was set at 200.  White balance set to Auto.

Detail Enhancer settings:

Luminosity:  0

Strength:  100

ColorSaturation:  46

WhiteClip:  5.000000

BlackClip:  5.000000

Smoothing:  High

Microcontrast:  10

Microsmoothing:  0

Gamma:  1.000000

HighlightsSmoothing:  0

ShadowsSmoothing:  0

ShadowsClipping:  0

ColorTemperature:  0

SaturationHighlights:  0

SaturationShadows:  0

Tone Compressor settings:

Brightness:  3

Compression:  4

Contrast:  2

WhiteClip:  0.000000

BlackClip:  0.000000

ColorTemperature:  0

Saturation:  0

The Lights of Timberline Lodge

Massive Timberline Light FixtureTimberline Lodge on the south slope of Mt. Hood in Oregon is one of the classic historical lodges of North America.  Built by skilled craftsmen during the 1930′s, the lodge survives today as a living museum.  It’s an excellent hotel, with nicely appointed rooms, and an excellent bar and restaurant.  The entire business is laid out in grand scale – like the stuff was built to last…well, forever.  After 80+ years, it all looks like it just might have a chance.  The attention to detail is persistent  throughout the structure, yet the light fixture shown above, got my eye.  You just gotta ask…Why?  Massive, over-designed, and completely impractical, yet startling beautiful – or at least I think so – and so, I must guess, did the men who crafted the stuff.

I’m still experimenting with the Detail Enhancer mode of the HDR software package Photomatix.  As I’ve mentioned before, this adds a sort of magical quality to images of interiors that I find quite compelling.  The image above was generated using the Nikon D700 and the AF-S NIKKOR 14-24mm f/2.8G ED at 24mm.  Exposures were f/16 and 1/4s, 1/2s, 1s, 2s, and 4s, all at an ISO of 800.  The following mapping parameters were used:

Luminosity:  0

Strength:  90

ColorSaturation:  46

WhiteClip:  0.249450

BlackClip:  0.000000

Smoothing:  Medium

Microcontrast:  10

Microsmoothing:  9

Gamma:  1.000000

HighlightsSmoothing:  21

ShadowsSmoothing:  12

ShadowsClipping:  0

ColorTemperature:  0

SaturationHighlights:  0

SaturationShadows:  0

<pmtm:Method>Details Enhancer</pmtm:Method>
<pmtm:Luminosity>0</pmtm:Luminosity>
<pmtm:Strength>90</pmtm:Strength>
<pmtm:ColorSaturation>46</pmtm:ColorSaturation>
<pmtm:WhiteClip>0.249450</pmtm:WhiteClip>
<pmtm:BlackClip>0.000000</pmtm:BlackClip>
<pmtm:Smoothing>Medium  </pmtm:Smoothing>
<pmtm:Microcontrast>10</pmtm:Microcontrast>
<pmtm:Microsmoothing>9</pmtm:Microsmoothing>
<pmtm:Gamma>1.000000</pmtm:Gamma>
<pmtm:HighlightsSmoothing>21</pmtm:HighlightsSmoothing>
<pmtm:ShadowsSmoothing>12</pmtm:ShadowsSmoothing>
<pmtm:ShadowsClipping>0</pmtm:ShadowsClipping>
<pmtm:ColorTemperature>0</pmtm:ColorTemperature>
<pmtm:SaturationHighlights>0</pmtm:SaturationHighlights>
<pmtm:SaturationShadows>0</pmtm:SaturationSha<pmtm:Method>Details Enhancer</pmtm:Method>

<pmtm:Luminosity>0</pmtm:Luminosity>

<pmtm:Strength>90</pmtm:Strength>

<pmtm:ColorSaturation>46</pmtm:ColorSaturation>

<pmtm:WhiteClip>0.249450</pmtm:WhiteClip>

<pmtm:BlackClip>0.000000</pmtm:BlackClip>

<pmtm:Smoothing>Medium </pmtm:Smoothing>

<pmtm:Microcontrast>10</pmtm:Microcontrast>

<pmtm:Microsmoothing>9</pmtm:Microsmoothing>

<pmtm:Gamma>1.000000</pmtm:Gamma>

<pmtm:HighlightsSmoothing>21</pmtm:HighlightsSmoothing>

<pmtm:ShadowsSmoothing>12</pmtm:ShadowsSmoothing>

<pmtm:ShadowsClipping>0</pmtm:ShadowsClipping>

<pmtm:ColorTemperature>0</pmtm:ColorTemperature>

<pmtm:SaturationHighlights>0</pmtm:SaturationHighlights>

<pmtm:SaturationShadows>0</pmtm:SaturationShadows

dows

Towers of the Virgin at Dawn

Towers of the VirginThe Towers of the Virgin at dawn are arguably the most excellent scene in Zion NP.  The Towers lie at the back of a large meadow in one of the main valley spurs.  They are best viewed from behind the Zion Human History Museum, which can most easily be reached from around the north side of the building.  The image was made on January 18 at around 9 am.  Given the time of year and the fact that one must wait until the angle of the sun must first clear the west valley wall, this seemingly late hour worked out pretty well.  During winter months, dawn is frequently accompanied by a stiff breeze that blows southerly down the valley.  Thus a sturdy tripod and decent winter ware (gloves!) are both a must.  Some of you will consider that the foreground is too dark, or perhaps that the Towers are too bright, or both.  Visualization.  Assuming that you have a properly calibrated monitor, the image you see is as close as I can get to the way the scene looked to me when the bits hit the Lexar.

Now for the technical stuff.  The image is the product of High Dynamic Range (HDR) engineering.   The basic idea is that there is a limitation to all current image display modes compared to the inherent dynamic range of human vision – this includes photographic film and printing papers and video monitors.  Dynamic range can be thought of as the variation between the brightest and darkest regions of a scene that can be perceived.  We need also to toss in the allied notion of the sort of number of subtle variations in brightness between the extreme of lightness and darkness.  Now it gets a bit gnarly.  First we need to define a parameter known as the Exposure Value (EV).  The EV has a standardized definition (ISO) in which EV equals to zero corresponds to an aperture (f-stop if you like) of 1, a shutter speed of 1 second at a media sensitivity value (ISO) of 100.   The human visual system has a relatively large dynamic range, spanning more than 14 EV.  This is far greater than the range that can be reproduced by the best photographic printing paper, which is about 6 EV, or even HDR displays that can reproduce a variation of up 9 EV.   The basic idea behind HDR imaging (HDRI) is that images can be combined to expand the range well beyond that of any of the individual images.  Hmm.  What is the point of generating hypothetical image files that cannot be properly reproduced on printing paper or video?  First, using a process known as Tone Mapping we can expand the apparent EV range in a sort of esthetically acceptable and relatively low noise way.  This conversion allows us to exploit the display media to its fullest extent (yeah, this is a bit oversimplified).  Secondly, although the EV range for printing paper is already fully optimized, there is a very real possibility that HDR video technology will continue to move into the mainstream.

The image above was generated by combining individual images spanning 5 EV (all at f/16 from 1/8s to 1/125s).  Wait, you observe, isn’t this within the range that can be reproduced by film/paper/video.  Yes it is, and this brings us to another use of HDR technology, which is to minimize the need for layer masks.  Proper rendering of images like the one above; which are composed of adjacent very bright and dark regions, requires working up very precise layer masks, which are time consuming and extremely tedious.  In the old days it would have been dodging and burning, but I seriously must doubt that anyone ever possessed the technical darkroom skill to render an image such as this one  (sorry Ansel).  White balance was set using the WhiBal card.  A version of the image recorded at f/16, 1/125s (EV=15) was converted using daylight white balance to more accurately reproduce the sky behind the Towers – this image was added to the tone-mapped, HDR image using one of those tedious layer masks I mentioned.  Tone mapping was accomplished using Photomatix (HDRsoft).  More HDR images and discussion to follow – God help us.

For more information I can recommend the excellent books by Christian Bloch and Ferrel McCollough, and the tutorials available on the HDRsoft website.