Posts Tagged ‘rock art’

Archive Friday: Five Faces Panel

Canyonlands National Park is one of our favorite ancient rock art hunting grounds.  There are a large number of sites scattered over 527 square miles (!), with the great bulk of the sites accessible only with long drives along primitive roads, many with significant hiking involved.  The potential for epic journeys here are virtually limitless…

The route finding can be extremely challenging, and often the art work remains invisible until you are right next to it.  The rewards of such a journey are (of course) found as much in the enjoyment of the quest as in the discovery itself.

The Fremont culture lived throughout Great Basin from approximately 600 AD through 1300.  Their main legacy to us is a distinctive rock art style consisting of both petroglyphs and pictographs found through the four corners area.  Human figures are commonly featured in the style, in which the drawings consist of a characteristic (inverted) bucket-shaped heads, often extensively adorned with necklaces and earrings.  Curiously, both nose and mouth are omitted in the depiction.

An important variant form of Fremont style pictography is the ‘Faces’ motif.  The Faces motif is characterized by super-sized Fremont style depictions of a series of human figures that emphasize the torso and head.  Perhaps the most remarkable feature of the Faces style is the degree of preparation of the surfaces on which the art appears.  Faces style art appears exclusively (as far as I am aware) on relatively soft vertical sandstone, over which the facial region of the figures has been worn smooth prior to application of pigment.  Here we find five completed Faces, with efforts to construct a sixth Face visible at the far left of the panel images.

The art shown in this entry is found in an alcove in Davis Canyon, just a few hundred yards inside the Canyonlands National Park boundary.  The major challenge with viewing this site is getting to the park boundary.  The drive involves traveling eight miles over rough road, almost six of it in soft sand. Visitors should be aware that there is absolutely no water here.  The site is also relatively remote – when we visited the area the previous log entry in the official park log was almost three weeks earlier – it would most probably be a long lonely walk to Highway 211.

Images in this entry were recorded at 18:00 MDT* on June 16, 2006, using the Nikon D200 and the AF-S DX Zoom-NIKKOR 18-70mm f/3.5-4.5G IF-ED, AF Zoom-Nikkor 80-200mm f/2.8D ED, and the 50-500mm F4-6.3 EX DG HSM lens.  Although the 80-200mm lens remains a solid option if you can live without VR, the 18-70mm and (especially) the 50-500mm have been displaced by excellent modern options – nevertheless, I think that these images hold their own.

The route and site are described in the book entitled Canyonlands Nation Park, Favorite Jeep Roads & Hiking Trails by David Day, and in a number of excellent blogs.

* This time based on EXIF data, however it is almost certainly incorrect.  Based on other (later) images recorded that day, it is probably at least 3 hours earlier.

Copyright 2011 Peter F. Flynn.  No usage permitted without prior written consent. All rights reserved.

Courthouse Wash Pictographs

There are a number of excellent rock art panels in the area around Moab, UT.  Perhaps the most accessible of these is the panel that may be found by wandering up the slope at the southern end of the Courthouse Wash Trail that leads out of Arches NP.  This area is just north of US191 at the northern edge of town, about 0.5 mile west-northwest of the bridge that crosses the Colorado River.   The panel was vandalized in 1980 and stabilized but not restored.  A Bureau of Land Management website briefly describes the location and recent history of the site.

Courthouse Wash Pictograph Panel

Courthouse Wash Pictograph Panel

The art is typical of the Barrier Canyon archetype, with large armless trapezoidal anthropomorphs attended by smaller familiars.  The style type may be found within the Horseshoe Canyon Unit of Canyonlands NP.   Horseshoe Canyon was formerly known as Barrier Canyon, and this original name is the source of the title of this important rock art style.  The most famous example is the Great Gallery panel, however other excellent examples exist in Barrier Canyon and in other locations centered around the confluence of the Green and Colorado rivers (Sego Canyon, Head of Sinbad, Moab, etc.).  The style has been attributed with what archeologists have named the Late Archaic period (2000-500 BC), and the artists were believed to be members of  a nomadic hunter-gatherer culture.  What appears to be quite a lot of noise in the images is actually real texture on the rock surface resulting from the efforts of the vandals to scrub the art from the rock surface with wire brushes.

These images are from the archives, and were recorded at approximately 20:00 on June 23, 2006, using the Nikon D70s.  The upper image was recorded using the AF-S DX NIKKOR 12-14mm f/4G IF-ED at 16mm with an exposure of f/18 at 1/40s, ISO 200.  The lower image was recorded using the AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-70mm f/3.5-4.5G IF-ED at 70mm with an exposure of  f/18 at 1/30s, ISO 200.  Yeah, those f-stops are well past the diffraction limit for both lenses – you don’t become an image wiz just overnight, apparently.  Images were processed to maximize contrast.

Kachina Natural Bridge

Kachina Bridge

Kachina Bridge lies between Sipapu Bridge to the north and Owachomo Bridge to the south in Natural Bridges National Monument.  Kachina is a Hopi word that refers to spiritual characters – Hopi Kachina dolls are made to represent one of the specific spirits.  The span of Kachina Bridge has been reported by Wilbur and Shelley to be ~192 ft.

The image above was recorded on 2/14/2009 at about 14:00 MST (UTC-7) using the Nikon D700 and the AF-S NIKKOR 24-70mm f/2.8G ED lens at 24mm.  The exposure was f/16 at 1/200s with an ISO of 200.  White balance was set using the WhiBal card, except that instead of the indicated tint of -14 (color temperature 5700 in ACR5.2) I used -4 to prevent the sky and snow from becoming too cyan (green).

The bridge was named for the rock art that adorns the eastern and northeastern faces of its base, and a false color image of a portion of the Kachina Bridge pictography is shown below.  Hand prints are a common signature element of rock art in the region.  This image was recorded in the summer of 2006 using the Nikon D70s with the AF-S Zoom-NIKKOR 18-70 f/3.5-4.5 IF-ED lens.

Kachina Bridge Pictograph